2.
  -2024
..  
 
(   )
:      :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.            
2.         
-
3.          
4            
-
5.         
6.        
2.
-
7        
8.        
  -2024
..  
 
(   )
:      :
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.            
:      ,          , 
           ,     ,  
  ,             
                 ,
   , ,         -   
           ,    
              
1.     ( )
2.
  ',   "  "      
                
     :
"   "   ,      
          '    
" " ,     '      
   '      
  ,     ,      
   
      ,      
         
     
         
,    ,
    
     
:          
       ,      ,     
      : "    ?" "
   ?" "
       ?"   
    ' 
2.     ( )
   ,         :
a)  
     '         
              
    ,             
  
        ,       
 

   ,       
)  
         '      
  
,  -      " "   "   " 
  
 ,            
   
2.
  -       -    
 
 
        -     
    
c)    
            
                 
        
      
 ,          
    ,         
 
)    
   ,      
;   
              
,       ,    '  , 
            ,  
      
       ,      

 
e)    '   
       :
1. : ,   
2. :   (, , ),     
3.   :          

4.  :         

         ,    
          
f)    
             :
2.
    :
o :-   
o :     
o :     ,     
     
  
      ,  
 
3.    
 
      
  ,       
   
 -,         
     :
1.   : ,     
        
2.   : ,       ,  
     
3.     
:   ,  ,
     '   ,    
 
4.     
           :
  ( )
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        
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         
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       
           ,  ,  
          '  
5.    
              
  ,    ,         
 ,     ,  ,    ,  
 ,     
2.
  ,    
      
   ,     
  ,    
         

 
6. 
 ,          :
  :  ,      
  : ,      
  :         
  :        

                
   ,  ,            
     ,   - ,     - 
 
2.         
:     
 

              ,    
  , ,          
  ,   ,         
 ,     -      ,    
         ,        
        
 ,     
         
      :      ,     
      
 :     
2.
            ,
    ,     ,       
       :
      ?
     ?
   '  
     '  
 ?
      ,      
  
    
:     
       -  , ,      
     ,      ,  ,   
     
         
    , 
             
 ,        
         
1.    
 
    '     
,         ,    
  158     
  " "       '  
              

 ,   ,         
2.      
  ,   ,      
  
         :
o       
;    
      
o       
;      
    
2.
o        
;   
   
             
3.        
      ,     
     
      ,         
    
      ,     ,  
       
             
4.        
           
 ,     ,    ,
          -   
   
     ,  " ," "," 
""       - ,   
 ,         ,   

     
      ,    


 


  ,   
   ,   

, ,

, , 

   
 
      
 

    -
 
  '  
 ,         ,       
         
2.
   
 : "        
;  
      
"
: "      ,     
  "
: "   ,     "
        
 
  
   
  :     , 1857  , 
,          
   :        , , 
    

  , 
     
   
 , 
    
 
  
            , 
     '         
    
 , 
   ,  
   
 ,    ,      

                
    ,           
   ,           -  , 
   
               
                
         
2.
 ,  
      ,  
 
  
 -               
,           
-
3.          
:            ,     
        ,   
 ,    

 ,    
     '   ,  
   -                 
               ,  
  ,             
               
  ,      ""       
, 
 
,                
,     
          
,                  , 
     ,        ,    
     
         
  
  , ,            
      '  :
1.    :    ,       
               
    ,      ,    
              
    
 
2.   :   ,      
          ,    
  
           
 
3.  : ,     '       
               ,
   ,        
2.
  , 
             -  
      ,    ,     
 
 
   
,                
     ,  -   -     
     :
, ,   
1. 
              
  
 
             -    ,
  ,           
 
  :   , ,      
               
       
  :    
;    , 
    ,           
 
         -         
   '        

2. 
 
                 
, ,  ,             
  
  
             
   
  :       ,   
(    )     (    )  
       
:    ,          
               
         
    ,  
     

2.
3. 
                  
 ,  
            

  
:       - , , ,   
   ,           ,  
    
:   
 ,     
 
 ,    ,  ,      
    
  ,         -   ,   
 ,     
4. 
 ,                 
                  
 :              
    
 :        ,    ,  
          
                 
  ,        
 ,     
 
 
,            :
- ,       ,     
  
      '   ,  ,    
  
 ,           ,  
       
                 
  
2.
      ,   -    
? 
 
  
?     
  
? - 

 
?    
   
    ,        
 :
1.  :      ,       
       
2.    :          
     
3.    :        
,  ,
    
       
 
4.     :     ,  
 
     

 ,            ,   ,
  ,           
  
  ,      
      ,  
  ,   -  
              
  - 
 ,             ,  
   ,    
        
  ,   ,         
     ,            
        
 -        
      ,     - 
2.
4            
:          
 

         ,    
 ,
             
,  
     
,         

   ,  
          : "    !
 
        
    
    "
          " "   
   
     :   "  " 
           
    
               
 :
           
   ,        
          
  16
-18
   ,   -    
           ,     
    
 
   
1.   : 
  :           
,         : "   
 , , ,    "
:  -   ,       
 -  -  
:     ,   ""    
   
2.
:          
 
        
2.  :  
  :        , 
,              
:    - ,    -  
      
:    ,         ,  
    
:     ,        
      
3.   :  
  :          ,   

          
: " " -     -     
   
:          ,     
  
:       ,  "  "  
         
   
  ,        :
1.     
     
2.   '  ,  ' 
3.         ,     
4.          '  
 
    
1.  -:              
     
2.   
:      ,     
   

3.  :      '      
  
2.
4.  :          - 
        
    
1.  :      
      
    ,   
2.      :    ,    ,
           
3. : "  "          
           
4.     :        
    ,   ,  ,   
   
5.  :            
         
  
      ' 
,       :
     ,     
   
      '  
          
             
  
  
           ,  ,   
  ,    : "     
 
          "      

      ()  ,       
    
                 
  (),     
     ()        ,    
  
    ,      
 
2.

             
       
 ,         
  
  : -  ,     
   
  ',     - ,    '   - 
  - ,         ,   
 
             
 ,           
 ,               
             :    
 ,       '   
-
5.         
:   
20
            

         ' -        
   ,          ,   
       -        
   ,    -,         
     
 ,       
,     
  
   ,    ,       ,    
        ,      
      ,          
    '        
1.   
       :      
       , ,    
  
                ,    
              '   ,
    '               
,
2.
                 -
  
 ,             

            ,  
   
    ,  '     
 ,     '            '  
  -   -        
2.    
 ,        ,    
 -
  '             
                 
  
    " "      ,       
           ,      
         ,        
 , ,         ,    
   
,      ,       
                 
      
        ,  
      
3.    ()
        ,     ,    
  
 ,         
             
          
 ,  
 '       ,        
,     ,    
 ,       
 -       
       
 ,     
  
             
         
4.   
       - '        
        ,           
2.
 -  -         ,  
,      
   " " (  -)     ,  
      
   ,     
    ,            
      
       
  ,           
  
,                

   
,      ,    
   ,    ,        
5.    
              
  ,       ,    
  
           -  
   ,  '    
   ,   - , - 
  
       ,           
       ,        
         ,     

 
6.     
                 
, 
        ,   - 
         
,     
       
         ,        
          ,   ,     
   
7.   
,     ,        , 
              
 '    ?           
         
   
         
  
2.
8. :   - 
  ,            :
1.     '  
 ;       
2.           ,        
3.       
4.       ,    
 
5.           
   
6.        ,  , - 
    
 
  ,          -  
        
;  ,     
  ,    '       ,  
       ,       
 
 ,      '          

 ,                 
    ,     
 :     
    ,  ,          
6.        
:      
 

20
               ,
  ,    ,     
  
    
,  , ,        
,            
 -    
   
     :        ,   
             ,   
  '    ?
   
2.
" "      
      
   ,    
  -  ( 
    )      (     ) 
,      -   
 ,     
      
    
1.   
     
    ,   
     
:      ,      
(MITI)     
2.  
    -   ,    
 - '   
          
3.     
          ,     
 
  ,    ( )     

4.   '   
   ,   ,     
     
      GDP  
,      
5.  

         '    ,
        
         ,   

 
   
       '   -    
 , 
       
2.
1.     
            
; 
    ,      ,    ,  
  
      
:    ,      
   
2.   -
              
            
 
:        ,   
  ,       
3.     
              
,         
:  ,           
     ,    
4.   ' 
   
         
-  ,    , 
:       '   - 
 
        
:            
     
:      ,     
   
 
5.   
       '        
      ,      
:          ,         '
(   )
2.
   
 
               
                
       
 
               
                 
 ,         
     
  ( )
     ,      
, -  ()   
   
 : ,  ,  -        
   
:       ,    
       
:    -         ,
        
 

1. -:            
2.    : , ,    
3.  :      
4.  :        

1.  :         
2. :         
3.   :          
4.   :   '    '  
   
5.  :     '       
2.
  
         
  ( ) '   
   
 ,    ,   (
  )   
   , "   ,  
   "
(     )
        ,     ,
        '     , 
     ,           
        '      ,   
   

     :  ,   -  
             
                
  ,       
  ',   --    
   ',  
 ,     ,        
 :    
            

 -   ,            

       ,       , 
    :          , 
       ?
-
7        
:   
       ,       
               ,  
 ,
   
               '
 
  ,  :     ,     
2.
       -         
 
  -    
  
   -     
;      
          ,    
         ,         ,
       ,       
  
  ,              
                
   " " 
          ,    
  ,       '      
        - "    
 
  "    ,      ,  
 
 '         ,    '   ,
     
16
 ,      ,     
               
             ,   
          ,   '    
 ,      

  ,           :
1.     
2.    
3.   
4.     
5.        
 ,                
       ,    
 
  
       
 
,        '  ,      
 :
1.  ( )
2.
  ,             - ,
,   -            
       '   
   ,  
,        ,         
        '   
2.  (  )
           ,    
          :    ,   
     , ,       
              

 
3.  (   )
      -        
        
  ,   
    ,              

      , ,       
   
4.   
      
         
  
  ,  ,    '    
,             
    ,         -  
      
5.    
               
  ,       
     
;
   , -          

         '  ,       

6.    
               
  ,        ,    
 ,       ,        
             
2.
7.     
             '     
,            
    ,              

             
8.      
      ,          
  ,        ,   
       
        ' 
            
  
         :
1.  -      
    
,          ,  
   ,    ,       
 
2.  -              
  '  ,        
    ,      ,     
     
 
 
  
       , -     
  :
   :    
       
      
    :        

 
    :   ,     
    ,      '     
  
   
 :       
,       
2.
                  
  ,           
,           

      ,  "  "       
        
       ,
    
 ,          
  ,         -    
   
 :
      ,    
   , , , ,     
    
     :  (   )   ( 
 )
 , ,   ,      
  
 ,      
;      ,   ,
        ,  ,     
     

 
8.        
:       
 

             ',   
      
   ',     
   ,          ,     
              ,  
   ,         

2.
     
  ?      
   - , ,       
   
  ,   
   
   -  
      
       :
 :  ,    ,  ,  
- :  , , , 
 :  '  ,    ,   ' 

    ,     -       
        '  
1. - 

           
-       ,     
,          
: , -         
:       
   , -  
        '  

  
     - , ,   -   
      
     
     
    
:            ,  
     
 
     '    ,      
 
            
2.
:   ,  '         ,   
      
2.  
 
             
 :       
 :       
   ,         
  
:     ,       

       
 
   
,         
,          
 
:     ,     ,   
   
 
    '      ,   
  
        
:    , ,       
   
3.  

      ,    '  
 
   -     ,
 
:         ,      

       

2.
  ',         
,         
 ,           
 
:      

 -    
      '        
,   
         '    
              
:   -         
    
4.    
   
 , ,    
    
  ,        
:   ,   (,  )  
  
 
   --    
  
  (   )   
    
  
   
,         
       
  
      
      
:          
:  ,  ,       
2.
5.    
 
      ,     
    ,   
  
 ,         
:   '         

:              
 
      ,      

  ,     
  , ,        

 
        -  ,  ,
  
 :       , -  
  ,   ,     '      "
"        
  
     
        
 ,  
    

        

          
 
       
 -     (,
)  ,       
          ,    , 
      


2.
            - , ,
, ,  ,        
        ',       ,
    ,       
 
        -  '      ,
  ,          
        ,        

"               

       ,         "